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August 13, 2025

Collective Punishment is Barbarism — Whether Against Men or Dogs

 






Punishing all men for the crime of one rapist is absurd. It defies reason law and morality. No civilised society operates on the presumption that everyone must pay for the sins of one. Yet when it comes to stray dogs our system suddenly abandons this principle. For a single rabid dog the entire stray population is rounded up confined and treated as if they were criminals. This is not justice it is collective punishment and it reeks of barbaric governance.

At the heart of our Constitution lies Article 14 the guarantee of equality before law and equal protection of laws. Collective punishment destroys this principle. You punish the guilty party not an entire category of beings. This is why even the most draconian laws in India from UAPA to MCOCA still require individual culpability to be established before detention. Mass impounding of stray dogs for a single rabies incident is a naked violation of this principle. It is not reasonable classification under Article 14 it is arbitrary action and arbitrariness is the sworn enemy of constitutional governance.

Our courts have repeatedly held that presumption of guilt based solely on association is unconstitutional. Whether in State of West Bengal v Anwar Ali Sarkar 1952 or Maneka Gandhi v Union of India 1978 the Supreme Court has struck down measures that sacrifice fairness for administrative convenience. Yet in August 2025 the Court itself authorised precisely such an approach instructing Delhi’s civic authorities to pick up all stray dogs rather than focus on identifying and treating infected animals. It is jurisprudential hypocrisy applying constitutional precision for human rights cases but adopting medieval blanket measures for animals.

The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 criminalises the unnecessary infliction of pain and suffering. Section 11 explicitly prohibits cruel confinement. The Animal Birth Control Dogs Rules 2001 now replaced by the 2023 Rules mandate catch neuter vaccinate release as the sole method of stray dog population and disease control. Nowhere do they authorise indiscriminate long term detention of healthy vaccinated dogs. Further Article 51A g of the Constitution casts a fundamental duty on every citizen to have compassion for living creatures. This is not ornamental the Supreme Court in Animal Welfare Board of India v A Nagaraja 2014 held that compassion for animals is a constitutional ethos and cruelty cannot be justified by administrative ease. By ordering blanket capture the authorities and by extension the Court are in clear violation of statutory law constitutional duties and judicial precedent.

In State of Gujarat v Mirzapur Moti Kureshi 2005 the Supreme Court held that animals have intrinsic value beyond human utility. If that is true then their liberty like ours cannot be taken away except in accordance with law and certainly not on the basis of fear mongering or administrative convenience. Public health and safety are legitimate concerns but they must be pursued by scientific proportionate measures not collective incarceration. The World Health Organization itself endorses CNVR and mass vaccination not indiscriminate capture as the only effective long term rabies control method.

This is not just a lapse of legal reasoning it is a reflection of a political culture that thrives on scapegoating. The RSS BJP playbook is to find an enemy whether a community a dissenting voice or even animals and showcase state power through their subjugation. Just as bulldozers are used not for justice but for televised intimidation mass dog captures are less about rabies control and more about displaying control. It is politics masquerading as public health with legality as collateral damage.

Law requires that administrative action be non arbitrary E P Royappa v State of Tamil Nadu 1974 and proportionate to its objective Modern Dental College v State of Madhya Pradesh 2016. Blanket capture fails both tests. If governance were serious it would maintain updated vaccination records for street dogs conduct area specific rabies testing quarantine only suspected or infected animals and launch public awareness drives to reduce panic and misinformation. Instead what we see is the round them all up approach quick visible and legally indefensible.

When the law authorises cruelty against the innocent it legitimises cruelty as a governance tool. This corrodes not just legal norms but moral ones. Gandhi famously said The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. By that standard our legal system is regressing. Sai Baba fed stray dogs. In Hindu mythology Bhairav is accompanied by a dog. In Buddhism compassion for all beings is the first precept. By sanctioning mass detention the state is not just breaking man made law it is violating civilisational values.

Once you legitimise collective punishment in one sphere you pave the way for its expansion. Today it is stray dogs. Tomorrow it could be protestors journalists or minority communities. The legal precedent we can punish all for the fault of one is dangerous in any democratic society. The same Article 14 that protects a citizen from arbitrary arrest should protect a stray dog from arbitrary confinement. The same due process that prevents mass incarceration of men must apply to voiceless animals. Justice without equality is no justice at all.

Animal rights activists lawyers and ordinary citizens must challenge this in every available forum from filing writ petitions to running public campaigns. The state must be compelled to follow statutory compliance constitutional mandates judicial precedent and scientific standards. This is not just about animals it is about whether India will uphold law over laziness compassion over cruelty and precision over prejudice.

Punishing all men for one rapist is absurd. Locking up every dog for one rabies case is barbaric. Justice targets the guilty. Tyranny punishes the innocent. Blanket crackdowns are the refuge of the lazy not the law.

#JusticeNotTyranny #StopCollectivePunishment #AnimalRights #RuleOfLaw #CompassionIsStrength #Article14 #PCAAct


About the Author: Siddhartha Shankar Mishra is an Advocate at the Supreme Court of India known for his sharp legal commentary blending constitutional law with public conscience. His writings often challenge judicial complacency and political hypocrisy while defending the rights of the voiceless both human and animal.

 

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